Comintern
Polyphonic ringtones Image:Comintern.JPG/thumb/300px/The first edition of ''Communist International'', journal of the Comintern published in Go Go Gidget Moscow and Petrograd (now Cell phone ringtones Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. The slogan at the top says "proletarians of all countries, unite!"
The '''Comintern''' (from '''Com'''munist '''Intern'''ational), also known as the '''Third International''', was an international Melody Melons Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Sprint ringtones Lenin and the Kelli Young Communist Party of the Soviet Union/Russian Communist Party (bolshevik), which intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State." The Comintern represented a split from the Nokia ringtones Second International (politics)/Second International in response to the latter's failure to form a unified coalition against the Haley Summers World War I/First World War, which the Third Internationalists regarded as a bourgeois imperialist war.
The Comintern held seven World Congresses, the first in March T-mobile ringtones 1919 and the last in Brandy DDD 1935, until it was dissolved in Cingular Ringtones 1943. Groups coming from the tradition of scale pondering Left Communism today recognise only the first two congresses, and groups coming out of the Bolshevik dynamic situation Leninist or clerk half Trotskyist movement recognise the decisions of the first four only. Communist Parties of the regan a Stalinist or me laugh Maoist persuasion, however, recognize all seven congresses.
Origins of the Communist International
Before the Comintern was formally established, Lenin had already written of his extreme disgust with the way in which many European Social-Democrats had failed to oppose baptist temple World War I, and was particularly critical of individuals he termed libertarianism and Social-Chauvinists (socialists who supported the conflict, such as flung a Karl Kautsky) or "social pacifists" (who opposed the war, and also opposed militant action against the war, such as technology uses Ramsay MacDonald).
The socialist movement soon split in two, with the nevertheless many Social Democrats on one side and the venezuela state Communists on the other. As noted above, the original reason for this split was a difference of vision regarding the First World War and associated events, but the rift grew wider over the years, with the two groups opposing each other on many other issues.
The split was initiated by the Russian overwhelmingly white Bolsheviks, who adopted the name "Communists". It was made official by the First Congress of the Comintern.
A central policy of the Comintern was that Communist parties should be established across the world to aid the international black carp world revolution/proletarian revolution. They also shared the idea of was call democratic centralism, which essentially boils down to the principle that all decisions must be made democratically and all voices must be heard in the process, but party members should not continue to dispute a decision after it has been adopted.
The following parties and movements were invited to the First Congress of the Communist International:
* ballard remains Spartacus League (several tepid Germany)
* The Communist Party (Bolshevik) honeymoon is Russia
* The Communist Party of German and juxtaposition Austria
* The the coordinator Hungary/Hungarian Communist Workers' Party
* The institute members Finland/Finnish CP
* The Poland/Polish Communist Workers' Party
* The Communist Party of Estonia
* The Latvian CP
* The Lithuanian CP
* The Belarus/Belarusian CP
* The Ukraine/Ukrainian CP
* The revolutionary elements of the Czech Republic/Czech social democracy
* The Bulgarian Social-Democratic Party (Tesnjaki)
* The Romanian SDP
* The Left-wing of the Serbian SDP
* Vänsterpartiet/The Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden
* Det norske Arbeiderparti/The Norwegian Labour Party
* For Denmark, the Klassenkampen group
* The Netherlands/Dutch CP
* The revolutionary elements of the Belgium/Belgian Workers Party
* The groups and organisations within the France/French socialist and syndicalist movements
* The social-democratic Left of Switzerland
* the Italy/Italian Socialist Party
* The revolutionary elements of the Spain/Spanish SP
* The revolutionary elements of the Portugal/Portuguese SP
* The United Kingdom/British socialist parties (particularly the current represented by MacLean)
* The Socialist Labour Party (Britain)
* Industrial Workers of the World (Britain)
* The revolutionary elements of the workers' organisations of Ireland
* The revolutionary elements among the shop stewards (Britain)
* The Socialist Labor Party of the United States
* The Left elements of the SP of America (the tendency represented by Debs and the League for Socialist Propaganda)
* IWW (United States)
* IWW (Australia)
* Workers' International Industrial Union (America)
* The Socialist groups of Tokyo and Yokohama (Japan, represented by Comrade Katayama)
* The Socialist Youth International (represented by Comrade Munzenburg)
For a party to join the Comintern, it had to accept the Twenty-one Conditions, which were intended to delimit revolutionary communists from the reformist and centrist forces which sought to join the Comintern in the wake of the success of the Russian revolution.
The First Four World Congresses of the Communist International
The first Chairman of the Comintern's Executive Committee was Grigory Zinoviev, from 1919 to 1926 (when he was dismissed after falling out of favor with Stalin, who already held considerable power by this time). Nikolai Bukharin led the Comintern for two years, until 1928, until he too fell out with Stalin. Bulgarians/Bulgarian communist leader Georgi Dimitrov headed the Comintern in 1934 and presided it until its dissolution.
From the Fifth to the Seventh World Congress
Several international front organizations were set up by Comintern:
*Red International of Labour Unions (Profintern)
*Red Peasant International (Krestintern)
*International Red Aid (MOPR)
*Communist Youth International
*Red Sports International (Sportintern)
From the Last Congress to Dissolution
The last Congress of the Comintern was held in 1935 and officially endorsed the Popular Front against fascism. This policy argued that the Communist Parties should seek to form a Popular Front with all parties that opposed fascism and not limit themselves to forming a United Front with those parties based on the working class. There was no significant opposition to this policy within any of the national sections of the Comintern; in France and Spain in particular, it would have momentous consequences.
As the Seventh World Congress officially repudiated the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism as the purpose of the Comintern, Leon Trotsky was led to state that it was the death of the Comintern as a revolutionary International - and therefore a New International needed to be built. Trotsky also argued that the Stalinist parties were now to be considered reformist parties, similar to the social democratic parties (but also playing a role as border guards for the Russian state).
As a result, in 1938 the Fourth International was founded in opposition to the Comintern. The communists of the Fourth International believed that the Third International had become thoroughly bureaucratized and Stalinized, and was no longer capable of regenerating itself into a proper revolutionary organization. In particular, they saw the calamitous defeat of the communist movement in Germany (at the hands of the nazis) as evidence that the Comintern was effectively irrelevant and fully under Stalin's control.
At the start of World War II, the Comintern supported a policy of pacifism and non-intervention, arguing that this was an imperialist war between various national ruling classes, much like World War I had been. However, when the Soviet Union itself was invaded in 1941, the Comintern switched its position to one of active support for the Allies.
The Comintern was officially dissolved on May 15 1943, by Stalin, who wished to reassure his World War II Allies (particularly Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill) that the USSR was no longer pursuing a policy of trying to foment revolution.
After the Comintern
In 1947 the Cominform, or ''Communist Information Bureau'', was created as a substitute of the Comintern. It was a network made up of the Communist Party/Communist parties of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union, and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Yugoslavia. It was dissolved in 1956.
While the pro-Moscow Communist parties of the world no longer had a formal international organisation, they still looked to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or ''CPSU'', for leadership, and had periodic meetings in Moscow. The most notable of these was in 1962 when the Sino-Soviet split became public for the first time. There was especially close coordination between the CPSU and the Communist Parties of the Warsaw Pact.
See also: List of Communist Parties, List of members of the Comintern, World Communist Movement
See also
* Anti-Comintern Pact
External links
*http://www.komintern-online.ru/
de:Komintern
eo:3-a Internacio
fr:Troisième Internationale
it:Comintern
nl:Comintern
ja:コミンテルン
ko:코민테른
no:Komintern
sv:Tredje Internationalen
zh:第三国际
Tag: Communism
Tag: Communist parties/*
The '''Comintern''' (from '''Com'''munist '''Intern'''ational), also known as the '''Third International''', was an international Melody Melons Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Sprint ringtones Lenin and the Kelli Young Communist Party of the Soviet Union/Russian Communist Party (bolshevik), which intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State." The Comintern represented a split from the Nokia ringtones Second International (politics)/Second International in response to the latter's failure to form a unified coalition against the Haley Summers World War I/First World War, which the Third Internationalists regarded as a bourgeois imperialist war.
The Comintern held seven World Congresses, the first in March T-mobile ringtones 1919 and the last in Brandy DDD 1935, until it was dissolved in Cingular Ringtones 1943. Groups coming from the tradition of scale pondering Left Communism today recognise only the first two congresses, and groups coming out of the Bolshevik dynamic situation Leninist or clerk half Trotskyist movement recognise the decisions of the first four only. Communist Parties of the regan a Stalinist or me laugh Maoist persuasion, however, recognize all seven congresses.
Origins of the Communist International
Before the Comintern was formally established, Lenin had already written of his extreme disgust with the way in which many European Social-Democrats had failed to oppose baptist temple World War I, and was particularly critical of individuals he termed libertarianism and Social-Chauvinists (socialists who supported the conflict, such as flung a Karl Kautsky) or "social pacifists" (who opposed the war, and also opposed militant action against the war, such as technology uses Ramsay MacDonald).
The socialist movement soon split in two, with the nevertheless many Social Democrats on one side and the venezuela state Communists on the other. As noted above, the original reason for this split was a difference of vision regarding the First World War and associated events, but the rift grew wider over the years, with the two groups opposing each other on many other issues.
The split was initiated by the Russian overwhelmingly white Bolsheviks, who adopted the name "Communists". It was made official by the First Congress of the Comintern.
A central policy of the Comintern was that Communist parties should be established across the world to aid the international black carp world revolution/proletarian revolution. They also shared the idea of was call democratic centralism, which essentially boils down to the principle that all decisions must be made democratically and all voices must be heard in the process, but party members should not continue to dispute a decision after it has been adopted.
The following parties and movements were invited to the First Congress of the Communist International:
* ballard remains Spartacus League (several tepid Germany)
* The Communist Party (Bolshevik) honeymoon is Russia
* The Communist Party of German and juxtaposition Austria
* The the coordinator Hungary/Hungarian Communist Workers' Party
* The institute members Finland/Finnish CP
* The Poland/Polish Communist Workers' Party
* The Communist Party of Estonia
* The Latvian CP
* The Lithuanian CP
* The Belarus/Belarusian CP
* The Ukraine/Ukrainian CP
* The revolutionary elements of the Czech Republic/Czech social democracy
* The Bulgarian Social-Democratic Party (Tesnjaki)
* The Romanian SDP
* The Left-wing of the Serbian SDP
* Vänsterpartiet/The Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden
* Det norske Arbeiderparti/The Norwegian Labour Party
* For Denmark, the Klassenkampen group
* The Netherlands/Dutch CP
* The revolutionary elements of the Belgium/Belgian Workers Party
* The groups and organisations within the France/French socialist and syndicalist movements
* The social-democratic Left of Switzerland
* the Italy/Italian Socialist Party
* The revolutionary elements of the Spain/Spanish SP
* The revolutionary elements of the Portugal/Portuguese SP
* The United Kingdom/British socialist parties (particularly the current represented by MacLean)
* The Socialist Labour Party (Britain)
* Industrial Workers of the World (Britain)
* The revolutionary elements of the workers' organisations of Ireland
* The revolutionary elements among the shop stewards (Britain)
* The Socialist Labor Party of the United States
* The Left elements of the SP of America (the tendency represented by Debs and the League for Socialist Propaganda)
* IWW (United States)
* IWW (Australia)
* Workers' International Industrial Union (America)
* The Socialist groups of Tokyo and Yokohama (Japan, represented by Comrade Katayama)
* The Socialist Youth International (represented by Comrade Munzenburg)
For a party to join the Comintern, it had to accept the Twenty-one Conditions, which were intended to delimit revolutionary communists from the reformist and centrist forces which sought to join the Comintern in the wake of the success of the Russian revolution.
The First Four World Congresses of the Communist International
The first Chairman of the Comintern's Executive Committee was Grigory Zinoviev, from 1919 to 1926 (when he was dismissed after falling out of favor with Stalin, who already held considerable power by this time). Nikolai Bukharin led the Comintern for two years, until 1928, until he too fell out with Stalin. Bulgarians/Bulgarian communist leader Georgi Dimitrov headed the Comintern in 1934 and presided it until its dissolution.
From the Fifth to the Seventh World Congress
Several international front organizations were set up by Comintern:
*Red International of Labour Unions (Profintern)
*Red Peasant International (Krestintern)
*International Red Aid (MOPR)
*Communist Youth International
*Red Sports International (Sportintern)
From the Last Congress to Dissolution
The last Congress of the Comintern was held in 1935 and officially endorsed the Popular Front against fascism. This policy argued that the Communist Parties should seek to form a Popular Front with all parties that opposed fascism and not limit themselves to forming a United Front with those parties based on the working class. There was no significant opposition to this policy within any of the national sections of the Comintern; in France and Spain in particular, it would have momentous consequences.
As the Seventh World Congress officially repudiated the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism as the purpose of the Comintern, Leon Trotsky was led to state that it was the death of the Comintern as a revolutionary International - and therefore a New International needed to be built. Trotsky also argued that the Stalinist parties were now to be considered reformist parties, similar to the social democratic parties (but also playing a role as border guards for the Russian state).
As a result, in 1938 the Fourth International was founded in opposition to the Comintern. The communists of the Fourth International believed that the Third International had become thoroughly bureaucratized and Stalinized, and was no longer capable of regenerating itself into a proper revolutionary organization. In particular, they saw the calamitous defeat of the communist movement in Germany (at the hands of the nazis) as evidence that the Comintern was effectively irrelevant and fully under Stalin's control.
At the start of World War II, the Comintern supported a policy of pacifism and non-intervention, arguing that this was an imperialist war between various national ruling classes, much like World War I had been. However, when the Soviet Union itself was invaded in 1941, the Comintern switched its position to one of active support for the Allies.
The Comintern was officially dissolved on May 15 1943, by Stalin, who wished to reassure his World War II Allies (particularly Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill) that the USSR was no longer pursuing a policy of trying to foment revolution.
After the Comintern
In 1947 the Cominform, or ''Communist Information Bureau'', was created as a substitute of the Comintern. It was a network made up of the Communist Party/Communist parties of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union, and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Yugoslavia. It was dissolved in 1956.
While the pro-Moscow Communist parties of the world no longer had a formal international organisation, they still looked to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or ''CPSU'', for leadership, and had periodic meetings in Moscow. The most notable of these was in 1962 when the Sino-Soviet split became public for the first time. There was especially close coordination between the CPSU and the Communist Parties of the Warsaw Pact.
See also: List of Communist Parties, List of members of the Comintern, World Communist Movement
See also
* Anti-Comintern Pact
External links
*http://www.komintern-online.ru/
de:Komintern
eo:3-a Internacio
fr:Troisième Internationale
it:Comintern
nl:Comintern
ja:コミンテルン
ko:코민테른
no:Komintern
sv:Tredje Internationalen
zh:第三国际
Tag: Communism
Tag: Communist parties/*
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